Thursday, August 2, 2012

Designing the Local Area Network


Network Scale:
  • How many clients do you have?
  • How far apart are the computers?
  • What software are you using?
  • What software will you use?
  • What special requirements do you have?
  • How much can you spend?

How many computers do you have?
  • The number of client computers you have is the most important factor in network design
  • You all other design factors are affected by the size of your network

Peer Network (2-10 Users):
  • A peer network provides basic connectivity between computers but does not set apart any central computer as a server or provide many of the security features of a centralized client server network.
  • If you have only a few users and security is not a major concern, consider suing a peer network.

Peer networks are good for:
-File sharing
-Printer sharing
-E-mail
-Tight budget
-Easy installation

 They are not good for:
               -Security
               -Backup
               -Organization of data
               -Database application
               -Large networks
               -Simple administration
               -Internet/WAN access

Single-Server Network (10-50 users):
  • If you have fewer than about 50 people, you can run your entire organization with a single server.
  • This allows you to centralize a number of services and maintain strong control over your network environment.

Single server nets are good for:
-Centralized file services
-Network printing
-E-mail
-Work flow and groupware
-Login security
-Archiving
-Organizing data
-Easy installation
-Simple administration

They are not good for:
               -Application serving
               -Distributed organizations
               -Large organization

Multiserver Networks (50-250 Users):
As your network grows, however, a point will come when you need to begin adding more servers.

Multiserver nets are good for:
-Centralized file services
-Networking printing
-E-mail
-Workflow and groupware
-Login security
-Application services
-Large database
-Internet/WAN access

They are not good for:
               -Tight budgets
               -Easy installation
               -Organizing data
               -Simple administration

Multiserver High Speed Backbone Networks (250-1000 Users):
  • With more than 250 clients, network planning becomes a lot more challenging.
  • This number of clients tends to be spread out over larger areas than can be supported from a central computer room.
  •  This geographic aspect requires both a distributed network and a lot of servers.
  • A network of this size will be connected with a high speed backbone that runs between servers.

It is good for:
-Centralized file services
-Networking printing
-E-mail
-Workflow and groupware
-Login security
-Application services
-Client-server database
-Internet/WAN access

It is not good for:
               -Tight budgets
               -Easy installation
               -Organizing data
               -Speed

Enterprise Networks (1000+ Users):
  • Enterprise networks are so large they are no longer really considered a single network.
  • With more than 1000 users, it’s best to break down the network into multiple connected networks that have different directory services and are split along some natural boundary.
  • These smaller networks are then designed according to the criteria presented above smaller networks and then connected with the network and internetwork connectivity services.

It is good for:
-Networking printing
-E-mail
-Workflow and groupware
-Login security
-Application services
-Client-server database
-Internet access

It is not good for:
               -Tight budgets
               -Easy installation
               -Centralized file services
               -Organizing data
               -Speed

How far Apart Are the Computers?
  • The distance to the most distant client computer is important; it will help you determine which network protocol you should use and what type of cabling will work for your situation.
  • Walking Rule: If you are less than 6 ft  tall, multiply the number of paces by 2 ft. If you are over 6 ft, multiply the number of paces by 30 inches; then divide by 12 to get the number of feet. Add 20 ft for vertical rise to the ceiling and back down. The result will be a good estimate of the number of cable-feet between your most distant client and your network equipment area.

What software are you using?    
  • Software and files are the data that flows over a network, so knowing what type of software is in use will give you a good estimate of how much data per client will traverse the network.
  • Word processors and Spreadsheets, Graphics and CAD, Database software

What software will you use?    
  • An important software consideration in addition to the software currently in use is the software you will add once your network is up and running.
  • Networks naturally improve the communications processes in networked organizations with tools such as e-mail, internet connectivity and groupware.
What Special Requirement do you have?       
  • Do you have some special need for security on your network?
  • Are any of your computers more than 100 m from where you will locate your hub?
  • Have there been any problems with electrical interference that you know about?
  • These issues will play a part in determing what sort of cabling and network devices you will need to install.

How much can you spend?
  • The amount of money you can spend is a factor that will determine which solutions are available to you.
  • Be sure to take the time to determine how much money you will be able to justify spending on your network.

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